Effective dialogue goes beyond mere conversation; it serves the story and scene by being a compressed and purposeful version of real-life speech. It’s more about the beats than the actual words, like in the classic scene from “On the Waterfront” where Terry’s lament to Charley is rich with subtext and stakes, unlike the unfocused bar patron.
Great dialogue must deliver the underlying subtext—the true meaning beneath the surface words—and function as a window into the characters’ internal battles. It should be surprising, with the subtext often contrasting the text. For example, “I can’t stand you” might actually mean “I love you.”
Scene Analysis: Once Upon a Time in the West
In this scene, Harmonica’s goal is to find Frank and survive a confrontation with his henchmen. The scene’s beats are conveyed through visuals and minimal dialogue, enhancing the tension. Harmonica asks, “You bring a horse for me?” instead of a direct question like “Are you here to kill me?” This line captures the subtext and fits the Western genre’s laconic style.
Scene Analysis: Erin Brockovich
In a scene where Erin is visited by her boss Ed, the dialogue is personal and filled with subtext. Erin’s lines, like “Wrong Ed,” convey her displeasure at seeing Ed and the tension between them. Ed’s attempt to share information without apologizing backfires as Erin attacks, turning the conversation into a negotiation that ends with her getting her job back.
Monologues and Internal Battles
Even monologues can embody warring perspectives, as seen in “Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers” where Gollum/Sméagol’s internal struggle is depicted through his conflicting dialogue. Similarly, in “Mystic Pizza,” Jojo’s monologue captures her internal conflict about her relationship with Bill.
Non-verbal Communication
Dialogue isn’t always necessary. In “Liar Liar,” Jim Carrey’s character uses gestures and expressions to convey his argument when he can’t lie, effectively raising the stakes and engaging the viewer without words.
Crafting Effective Dialogue
Great dialogue captures the scene’s core structure, delivers subtext, and surprises the audience. It’s crucial to refine dialogue to ensure it fits the character’s voice, the genre, and the setting while being succinct and impactful. Through practice and internalizing these principles, writers can elevate their dialogue to create engaging and meaningful scenes.
Mercurio, Jim. The Craft of Scene Writing: Beat by Beat to a Better Script. Linden Publishing.